在网络运行过程中,交换机或路由器接口可能出现 error / discard / drop 等计数增长的情况。正确识别错包类型并定位原因,是网络故障排查的重要步骤。Cisco 设备接口常见错包通常有(只考虑全双工的网络场景):input error, CRC, output discard
Ethernet1/1 is up admin state is up, Dedicated Interface Belongs to Po21 Hardware: 1000/10000 Ethernet, address: 70d3.7962.34e0 (bia 70d3.7962.34e0) Description: To: HillStone-SG6000-E5760-2 XGE2/1 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, medium is p2p Port mode is access full-duplex, 10 Gb/s, media type is 10G Beacon is turned off Auto-Negotiation is turned on Input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off Auto-mdix is turned off Rate mode is dedicated Switchport monitor is off EtherType is 0x8100 EEE (efficient-ethernet) : n/a Last link flapped 308week(s) 4day(s) Last clearing of "show interface" counters 357w1d 8 interface resets Load-Interval #1: 30 seconds 30 seconds input rate 16 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 30 seconds output rate 784 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec input rate 16 bps, 0 pps; output rate 784 bps, 0 pps Load-Interval #2: 5 minute (300 seconds) 300 seconds input rate 40 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 300 seconds output rate 328 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec input rate 40 bps, 0 pps; output rate 328 bps, 0 pps RX 49932835 unicast packets 0 multicast packets 1 broadcast packets 49932842 input packets 5475890396 bytes 1 jumbo packets 0 storm suppression packets 0 runts 0 giants 6 CRC/FCS 0 no buffer 6 input error 0 short frame 0 overrun 0 underrun 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 bad etype drop 0 bad proto drop 0 if down drop 0 input with dribble 0 input discard 0 Rx pause TX 40304609 unicast packets 222909093 multicast packets 12 broadcast packets 263212409 output packets 58613724734 bytes 0 jumbo packets 0 output error 0 collision 0 deferred 0 late collision 0 lost carrier 0 no carrier 0 babble 0 output discard 0 Tx pause
全双工模式下,FCS、循环冗余校验(CRC)、对齐错误(alignment)及短帧(runts)计数应保持在极低水平。若 FCS、CRC、alignment 或 runts 计数持续增长,需重点检查是否存在 双工不匹配(duplex mismatch) 等异常情况。
1. Input Error / CRC 错误场景
在实际网络环境中,Input Error 与 CRC 计数同步增长的情况,绝大多数由物理层问题引起,例如链路质量或硬件异常。常见原因包括:
此类问题通常可通过**因素排查法(逐项替换与交叉测试)**进行定位,例如更换光模块、光纤跳线、交换机端口或服务器网卡等。
2. Output Discard 场景
Output Discard 多见于网络拥塞或队列资源不足的场景,例如:
排查时可重点关注以下方面:
针对上述情况,可通过以下方式进行优化:
故障排查命令(不同平台命令稍有区别):
show interface ex/y
show interface counters errors
show interfaces counters
show counters interface
show controllers ethernet-controller
清理计数
clear counters
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