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S8500 STP技术说明

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2006-08-07 发表

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S8500交换机 STP技术说明

一、简单介绍

   通过在交换机之间传递一种特殊的协议报文——BPDU（在IEEE 802.1D中这种协议报文被称为“配置消息”）来确定网络的拓扑结构。配置消息中包含了足够的信息来保证交换机完成生成树计算。（注：此BPDU被称为配置BPDU，另外STP还有TCN BPDU。）

                              BPDU的报文格式

注意看BPDU数据报文的最后8个字段，分别是：

根桥ID：由树根的优先级（0-65535，默认32768）和MAC地址组合而成；

到树根的最短路径开销(实际由PortPathCost叠加而成)，有两个标准——dot1d-1998，默认值为100和dot1t，默认值为200000；

指定桥的ID：由指定交换机的优先级和MAC地址组合而成；

指定端口的ID：由指定端口的优先级（0-256，默认128）和端口编号组成；

配置消息的生存期：MessageAge；

配置消息的最大生存期：MaxAge；

配置消息发送的周期：HelloTime；

端口状态迁移的延时：ForwardDelay。

启动了STP的交换机互相之间通过发送配置BPDU来完成根桥，指定桥的选举，各端口状态的选择和整个网络拓扑结构的确定。比较的关键部分在于这八个字段中的前四个字段，即：根桥ID、路径开销、指定桥ID和指定端口的ID。其实还有一个接收端口的ID，用于本地比较（当交换机的2个端口都收到相同的BPDU时——比如上连一个stp disable的交换机或hub）。比较的原则：从上到下、从左到右数值小者优先。

STP协议使用的所有BPDU都是组播报文，目的MAC是01-80-c2-00-00-00。

二、S8500设备配置实例

1．组网需求

使用MSTP使组网图中不同VLAN的报文按照不同的生成树转发。具体配置为：网络中所有交换机属于同一个MST域，VLAN 10的报文沿着实例1转发，VLAN 30沿着实例3转发，VLAN 40沿着实例4转发，VLAN 20沿着实例0转发。组网图中，Switch A和Switch B为汇聚层设备，Switch C和Switch D为接入层设备。VLAN 10、VLAN 30在汇聚层设备终结，VLAN 40在接入层设备终结，因此可以配置实例1和实例3的树根分别为Switch A和Switch B，实例4的树根为Switch C。

2．组网图

MSTP典型组网图

3．配置步骤：

配置Switch A

# MST域

<Quidway> system-view

[Quidway] stp region-configuration

[Quidway-mst-region] region-name example

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 10

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 3 vlan 30

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 4 vlan 40

[Quidway-mst-region] revision-level 0

# 手工激活MST域的配置。

[Quidway-mst-region] active region-configuration

# 定义Switch A为实例1的树根

[Quidway] stp instance 1 root primary

配置Switch B

# MST域

[Quidway] stp region-configuration

[Quidway-mst-region] region-name example

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 10

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 3 vlan 30

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 4 vlan 40

[Quidway-mst-region] revision-level 0

# 手工激活MST域的配置。

[Quidway-mst-region] active region-configuration

# 定义Switch B为实例3的树根

[Quidway] stp instance 3 root primary

配置Switch C

# MST域

[Quidway] stp region-configuration

[Quidway-mst-region] region-name example

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 10

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 3 vlan 30

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 4 vlan 40

[Quidway-mst-region] revision-level 0

# 手工激活MST域的配置。

[Quidway-mst-region] active region-configuration

# 定义Switch C为实例4的树根

[Quidway] stp instance 4 root primary

配置Switch D

# MST域

[Quidway] stp region-configuration

[Quidway-mst-region] region-name example

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 10

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 3 vlan 30

[Quidway-mst-region] instance 4 vlan 40

[Quidway-mst-region] revision-level 0

# 手工激活MST域的配置。

[Quidway-mst-region] active region-configuration

三、正确配置状态显示

[SA]dis stp brief

MSTID     Port                     Role STP State       Protection

   0       Ethernet4/1/1            DESI FORWARDING      NONE

   0       Ethernet4/1/17           ROOT FORWARDING      NONE

   0       Ethernet4/1/33           ALTE DISCARDING      NONE

[SA]dis stp instance 1

-------[MSTI 1 Global Info]-------

MSTI Bridge ID      :0.00e0-fc36-45b1

MSTI RegRoot/IRPC   :0.00e0-fc36-45b1 / 0

MSTI RootPortId     :0.0

MSTI Root Type      :PRIMARY root

Master Bridge       :32768.00e0-fc00-0001

Cost to Master      :200

TC received         :0

[SA] dis stp int e4/1/1



----[CIST][Port209(Ethernet4/1/1)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Designated Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)   :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc36-45b1 / 128.209

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :6445

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 6445

BPDU Received       :2

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 2

[SA]dis stp int e4/1/17



----[CIST][Port225(Ethernet4/1/17)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Root Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc00-0001 / 128.173

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :8

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 8

BPDU Received       :9334

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 9334

[SA]dis stp int e4/1/33



----[CIST][Port241(Ethernet4/1/33)][DISCARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Alternate Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc24-02a8 / 128.81

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :8

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 8

BPDU Received       :8964

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 8964

[SA]dis stp region-configuration

Oper configuration

   Format selector    :0

   Region name        :example

   Revision level     :0



   Instance   Vlans Mapped

      0       1, 20

      1       10

      3       30

[SA]dis stp tc all

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn received count ----------

Port Ethernet4/1/1              0

Port Ethernet4/1/17             5

Port Ethernet4/1/33             3

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn detected count ----------

Port Ethernet4/1/1              1

Port Ethernet4/1/17             1

Port Ethernet4/1/33             0

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn sent count ----------

Port Ethernet4/1/1              5

Port Ethernet4/1/17             2

Port Ethernet4/1/33             0

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn sent count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn sent count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn sent count ----------

[SB]dis stp brief

MSTID     Port                     Role STP State       Protection

   0       Ethernet3/1/1            DESI FORWARDING      NONE

   0       Ethernet3/1/17           DESI FORWARDING      NONE

   0       Ethernet3/1/33           DESI FORWARDING      NONE

[SB]dis stp ins 3

-------[MSTI 3 Global Info]-------

MSTI Bridge ID      :0.00e0-fc00-0001

MSTI RegRoot/IRPC   :0.00e0-fc00-0001 / 0

MSTI RootPortId     :0.0

MSTI Root Type      :PRIMARY root

Master Bridge       :32768.00e0-fc00-0001

Cost to Master      :0

TC received         :0

[SB]dis stp int e3/1/1



----[CIST][Port157(Ethernet3/1/1)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Designated Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc00-0001 / 128.157

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :10513

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10513

BPDU Received       :2

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 2

[SB]dis stp int e3/1/17



----[CIST][Port173(Ethernet3/1/17)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Designated Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc00-0001 / 128.173

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :10565

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10565

BPDU Received       :2

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 2

[SB]dis stp int e3/1/33



----[CIST][Port189(Ethernet3/1/33)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Designated Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc00-0001 / 128.189

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :10600

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10600

BPDU Received       :2

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 2

[SB]dis stp region-configuration

Oper configuration

   Format selector    :0

   Region name        :example

   Revision level     :0



   Instance   Vlans Mapped

      0       1

[SB]dis stp tc all

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn received count ----------

Port Ethernet3/1/1              0

Port Ethernet3/1/17             0

Port Ethernet3/1/33             0

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn detected count ----------

Port Ethernet3/1/1              1

Port Ethernet3/1/17             1

Port Ethernet3/1/33             1

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn sent count ----------

Port Ethernet3/1/1              2

Port Ethernet3/1/17             2

Port Ethernet3/1/33             2

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn sent count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn sent count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn sent count ----------

[SD]dis stp brief

MSTID     Port                     Role STP State       Protection

   0       Ethernet6/1/1            ALTE DISCARDING      NONE

   0       Ethernet6/1/17           ALTE DISCARDING      NONE

   0       Ethernet6/1/33           ROOT FORWARDING      NONE

[SD]dis stp int e6/1/1



----[CIST][Port313(Ethernet6/1/1)][DISCARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Alternate Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc36-45b1 / 128.209

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes          :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :7

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 7

BPDU Received       :10862

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10862

[SD]dis stp int e6/1/17



----[CIST][Port329(Ethernet6/1/17)][DISCARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Alternate Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc24-02a8 / 128.65

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :7

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 7

BPDU Received       :10404

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10404

[SD]dis stp int e6/1/33



----[CIST][Port345(Ethernet6/1/33)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Root Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)    :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc00-0001 / 128.189

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transmission Limit :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :7

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 7

BPDU Received       :10852

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10852

[SD]dis stp region-configuration

Oper configuration

   Format selector    :0

   Region name        :example

   Revision level     :0



   Instance   Vlans Mapped

      0       1

[SD]dis stp tc all

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn received count ----------

Port Ethernet6/1/1              7

Port Ethernet6/1/17             7

Port Ethernet6/1/33             9

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn received count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn detected count ----------

Port Ethernet6/1/1              1

Port Ethernet6/1/17             0

Port Ethernet6/1/33             2

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn detected count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 0 tc or tcn sent count ----------

Port Ethernet6/1/1              1

Port Ethernet6/1/17             0

Port Ethernet6/1/33             1

---------- Stp Instance 1 tc or tcn sent count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 3 tc or tcn sent count ----------

---------- Stp Instance 4 tc or tcn sent count ----------

[SC]dis stp brief

MSTID      Port                  Role STP State     Protection

   0        Ethernet1/0/1        ROOT FORWARDING      NONE

   0        Ethernet1/0/17        DESI FORWARDING      NONE

   0        Ethernet1/0/33        DESI FORWARDING      NONE

[SC]dis stp ins 4

-------[MSTI 4 Global Info]-------

MSTI Bridge ID      :0.00e0-fc24-02a8

MSTI RegRoot/IRPC   :0.00e0-fc24-02a8 / 0

MSTI RootPortId     :0.0

MSTI Root Type      :PRIMARY root

Master Bridge       :32768.00e0-fc00-0001

Cost to Master      :200

TC received         :0

[SC]dis stp int e1/0/1



----[CIST][Port49(Ethernet1/0/1)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Root Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)   :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc00-0001 / 128.157

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transit Limit       :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :129

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 129

BPDU Received       :11207

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 11207

[SC]dis stp int e1/0/17



----[CIST][Port65(Ethernet1/0/17)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Designated Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)   :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc24-02a8 / 128.65

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transit Limit       :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :10630

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10630

BPDU Received       :3517

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 3517

[SC]dis stp int e1/0/33



----[CIST][Port81(Ethernet1/0/33)][FORWARDING]----

Port Protocol       :enabled

Port Role           :CIST Designated Port

Port Priority       :128

Port Cost(Legacy)   :COnfig=auto / Active=200

Desg. Bridge/Port   :32768.00e0-fc24-02a8 / 128.81

Port Edged(Admin)   :disabled

Point-to-point      :COnfig=auto / Active=true

Transit Limit       :3 packets/hello-time

Protection Type     :None

Port Config

Digest Snooping     :disabled

Num of Vlans Mapped :1

PortTimes           :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0

BPDU Sent           :10589

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 10589

BPDU Received       :7350

          TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 7350

[SC]dis stp region-configuration

Oper configuration

   Format selector    :0

   Region name        :example

   Revision level     :0



   Instance   Vlans Mapped

      0       1 to 9, 11 to 29, 31 to 39, 41 to 4094

      1       10

      3       30

      4       40

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作者在2006-08-10对此案例进行了修订

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