防火墙-ipsec vpn主备怎么实现？

可以配置智能选路功能。

1.16.6  配置IPsec智能选路

1. 组网需求

如图1-15所示，企业分支使用IPsec VPN接入企业总部，通过在分支Device A上配置IPsec智能选路功能，实现IPsec隧道在Link 1和Link 2两条链路上动态切换，具体需求如下：

·              Device A首先使用Link1与总部建立IPSec隧道。

·              当基于Link1建立的IPSec隧道丢包严重或时延过高时，能自动切换到Link2建立新的IPSec隧道。

2. 组网图

3. 配置分支DeviceA

(1)      配置接口IP地址和网关地址，1.1.1.3和2.2.2.3为本例中的直连下一跳地址，实际使用中请以具体组网情况为准。

<DeviceA> system-view

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 1.1.1.1 24

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] gateway 1.1.1.3

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 2.2.2.2 24

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] gateway 2.2.2.3

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

(2)      配置接口加入安全域。

# 请根据组网图中规划的信息，将接口加入对应的安全域，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA] security-zone name trust

[DeviceA-security-zone-Trust] import interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[DeviceA-security-zone-Trust] quit

[DeviceA] security-zone name untrust

[DeviceA-security-zone-Untrust] import interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceA-security-zone-Untrust] import interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[DeviceA-security-zone-Untrust] quit

(3)      配置安全策略

a.   配置安全策略放行Untrust与Local安全域之间的流量，用于设备之间可以建立IPsec隧道。

# 配置名称为ipseclocalout的安全策规则，使Device A可以向Device B发送IPsec隧道协商报文，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA] security-policy ip

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip] rule name ipseclocalout

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] source-zone local

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] destination-zone untrust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] source-ip-host 1.1.1.1

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] source-ip-host 2.2.2.1

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] destination-ip-host 3.3.3.3

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] action pass

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] quit

# 配置名称为ipseclocalin的安全策略规则，使Device A可以接收和处理来自Device B的IPsec隧道协商报文，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip] rule name ipseclocalin

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] source-zone untrust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] destination-zone local

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] source-ip-host 3.3.3.3

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] destination-ip-host 1.1.1.1

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] destination-ip-host 2.2.2.2

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] action pass

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] quit

b.   配置安全策略放行Host A与Host B之间的流量

# 配置名称为trust-untrust的安全策略规则，使Host A访问Host B的报文可通，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip] rule name trust-untrust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] source-zone trust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] destination-zone untrust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] source-ip-subnet 10.1.1.0 24

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] destination-ip-subnet 10.1.2.0 24

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] action pass

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] quit

# 配置名称为untrust-trust的安全策略规则，使Host B访问Host A的报文可通，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip] rule name untrust-trust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] source-zone untrust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] destination-zone trust

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] source-ip-subnet 10.1.2.0 24

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] destination-ip-subnet 10.1.1.0 24

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] action pass

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] quit

[DeviceA-security-policy-ip] quit

(4)      配置IPsec智能选路策略，实现在不同的链路之间选择一条符合质量要求的链路与总部建立IPsec隧道。

[DeviceA] ipsec smart-link policy policy1

[DeviceA-ipsec-smart-link-policy-policy1] link 1 interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1 remote 3.3.3.3

[DeviceA-ipsec-smart-link-policy-policy1] link 2 interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 remote 3.3.3.3

[DeviceA-ipsec-smart-link-policy-policy1] link-switch cycles 4

[DeviceA-ipsec-smart-link-policy-policy1] smart-link enable

[DeviceA-ipsec-smart-link-policy-policy1] quit

(5)      定义需要保护的数据流

[DeviceA] acl advanced 3000

[DeviceA-acl-ipv4-adv-3000] rule permit ip source 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255

[DeviceA-acl-ipv4-adv-3000] quit

(6)      配置IPsec安全提议，协商封装报文使用的各种安全协议

# 创建IPsec安全提议，两端配置的安全提议参数需要完全相同，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA] ipsec transform-set tran1

[DeviceA-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] encapsulation-mode tunnel

[DeviceA-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] protocol esp

[DeviceA-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] esp encryption-algorithm aes-cbc-128

[DeviceA-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] esp authentication-algorithm sha1

[DeviceA-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] quit

(7)      配置IKE keychain，约定通信双方使用的密钥信息

# 创建并配置IKE keychain，协商双方配置的预共享密钥必须完全相同，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceA] ike keychain keychain1

[DeviceA-ike-keychain-keychain1] pre-shared-key address 3.3.3.3 24 key simple 123456

[DeviceA-ike-keychain-keychain1] quit

(8)      配置IKE profile，约定建立IKE SA所需的安全参数

[DeviceA] ike profile profile1

[DeviceA-ike-profile-profile1] keychain keychain1

[DeviceA-ike-profile-profile1] match remote identity address 3.3.3.3 24

[DeviceA-ike-profile-profile1] quit

(9)      配置IPsec安全策略，建立IPsec隧道，保护需要防护的数据流

[DeviceA] ipsec policy policy1 10 isakmp

[DeviceA-ipsec-policy-isakmp-policy1-10] security acl 3000

[DeviceA-ipsec-policy-isakmp-policy1-10] transform-set tran1

[DeviceA-ipsec-policy-isakmp-policy1-10] ike-profile profile1

[DeviceA-ipsec-policy-isakmp-policy1-10] smart-link policy policy1

[DeviceA-ipsec-policy-isakmp-policy1-10] quit

4. 配置总部Device B

(1)      配置接口IP地址和网关地址，3.3.3.4为本例中的直连下一跳地址，实际使用中请以具体组网情况为准。

<DeviceB> system-view

[DeviceB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 3.3.3.3 24

[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] gateway 3.3.3.4

[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

(2)      配置接口加入安全域。

# 请根据组网图中规划的信息，将接口加入对应的安全域，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB] security-zone name trust

[DeviceB-security-zone-Trust] import interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[DeviceB-security-zone-Trust] quit

[DeviceB] security-zone name untrust

[DeviceB-security-zone-Untrust] import interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceB-security-zone-Untrust] quit

(3)      配置安全策略

a.   配置安全策略放行Untrust与Local安全域之间的流量，用于设备之间可以建立IPsec隧道。

# 配置名称为ipseclocalout的安全策规则，使Device B可以向Device A发送IPsec隧道协商报文，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB] security-policy ip

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip] rule name ipseclocalout

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] source-zone local

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] destination-zone untrust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] source-ip-host 3.3.3.3

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] destination-ip-host 1.1.1.1

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] destination-ip-host 2.2.2.2

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] action pass

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-1-ipseclocalout] quit

# 配置名称为ipseclocalin的安全策略规则，使Device B可以接收和处理来自Device A的IPsec隧道协商报文，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip] rule name ipseclocalin

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] source-zone untrust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] destination-zone local

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] source-ip-host 1.1.1.1

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] source-ip-host 2.2.2.2

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] destination-ip-host 3.3.3.3

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] action pass

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-2-ipseclocalin] quit

b.   配置安全策略放行Host A与Host B之间的流量

# 配置名称为trust-untrust的安全策略规则，使Host B访问Host A的报文可通，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip] rule name trust-untrust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] source-zone trust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] destination-zone untrust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] source-ip-subnet 10.1.2.0 24

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] destination-ip-subnet 10.1.1.0 24

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] action pass

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-3-trust-untrust] quit

# 配置名称为untrust-trust的安全策略规则，使Host A访问Host B的报文可通，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip] rule name untrust-trust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] source-zone untrust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] destination-zone trust

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] source-ip-subnet 10.1.1.0 24

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] destination-ip-subnet 10.1.2.0 24

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] action pass

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip-4-untrust-trust] quit

[DeviceB-security-policy-ip] quit

(4)      定义需要保护的数据流

[DeviceB] acl advanced 3000

[DeviceB-acl-ipv4-adv-3000] rule permit ip source 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[DeviceB-acl-ipv4-adv-3000] rule permit ip source 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 destination 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[DeviceB-acl-ipv4-adv-3000] rule permit ip source 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 destination 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255

[DeviceB-acl-ipv4-adv-3000] quit

(5)      配置IPsec安全提议，协商封装报文使用的各种安全协议

# 创建IPsec安全提议，两端配置的安全提议参数需要完全相同，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB] ipsec transform-set tran1

[DeviceB-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] encapsulation-mode tunnel

[DeviceB-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] protocol esp

[DeviceB-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] esp encryption-algorithm aes-cbc-128

[DeviceB-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] esp authentication-algorithm sha1

[DeviceB-ipsec-transform-set-tran1] quit

(6)      配置IKE keychain，约定通信双方使用的密钥信息

# 创建并配置IKE keychain，协商双方配置的预共享密钥必须完全相同，具体配置步骤如下。

[DeviceB] ike keychain keychain1

[DeviceB-ike-keychain-keychain1] pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0 key simple 123456

[DeviceB-ike-keychain-keychain1] quit

(7)      配置IKE profile，约定建立IKE SA所需的安全参数

[DeviceB] ike profile profile1

[DeviceB-ike-profile-profile1] keychain keychain1

[DeviceB-ike-profile-profile1] match remote identity address 0.0.0.0 0

[DeviceB-ike-profile-profile1] quit

(8)      配置IPsec安全策略模板，用于创建IPsec安全策略

[DeviceB] ipsec policy-template template1 10

[DeviceB-ipsec-policy-template-template1-10] security acl 3000

[DeviceB-ipsec-policy-template-template1-10] transform-set tran1

[DeviceB-ipsec-policy-template-template1-10] local-address 3.3.3.3

[DeviceB-ipsec-policy-template-template1-10] ike-profile profile1

[DeviceB-ipsec-policy-template-template1-10] quit

(9)      引用安全策略模板template1创建一条IKE协商方式的安全策略policy1，建立IPsec隧道，保护需要防护的数据流

[DeviceB] ipsec policy policy1 10 isakmp template template1

(10)   在接口GigabitEthernet1/0/1上应用安全策略policy1，对接口上的流量进行保护

[DeviceB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ipsec apply policy policy1

[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

5. 验证配置

以上配置完成后，总部Device A和分支Device B之间的IPsec智能选路功能配置完成。

# 可以通过以下显示命令查看Device A上创建的IPsec智能选路策略。

[DeviceA] display ipsec smart-link policy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Policy name                  : policy1

State                        :Enabled

Probe count                  :10

Probe interval               :1 sec

Probe source IP address      :1.1.1.1

Probe destination IP address :3.3.3.3

Max link switch cycles       :4

IPsec policy name            :policy1

Interface                    :GigabitEthernet1/0/1

IPsec policy sequence number :10

Link ID   Local address   Remote address   Loss(%)   Delay(ms)   State

1         1.1.1.1         3.3.3.3          0.0         1.0       Active

2         2.2.2.2         3.3.3.3          25.0        1.0       Inactive

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 通过以下显示命令查看IPsec安全策略引用IPsec智能选路策略。

[DeviceA] display ipsec policy

-------------------------------------------

IPsec Policy: policy1

Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

-------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------

  Sequence number: 10

  Mode: ISAKMP

  -----------------------------

  Traffic Flow Confidentiality: Disabled

  Security data flow: 3000

  Selector mode: standard

  Local address: 1.1.1.1

  Remote address: 3.3.3.3

  Transform set:  tran1

  IKE profile: profile1

  IKEv2 profile:

  smart-link policy: policy1

  SA trigger mode: Auto

  SA duration(time based): 3600 seconds

  SA duration(traffic based): 1843200 kilobytes

  SA idle time: 100 seconds

# 通过以下显示命令查看动态生成的ACL规则。

[DeviceA] display acl 3000

Advanced IPv4 ACL 3000, 3 rules,

ACL's step is 5

rule 0 permit ip source 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255

rule 5 permit ip source 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 destination 3.3.3.3 0 (Dynamic) (10 times matched)

# 通过以下显示查看协商生成的IPsec SA。

[DeviceA]display ipsec sa

-------------------------------

Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

-------------------------------

  -----------------------------

  IPsec policy: policy1

  Sequence number: 10

  Mode: ISAKMP

  -----------------------------

    Tunnel id: 0

    Encapsulation mode: tunnel

    Perfect Forward Secrecy:

    Inside VPN:

    Extended Sequence Numbers enable: N

    Traffic Flow Confidentiality enable: N

    Path MTU: 1428

    Tunnel:

        local  address: 1.1.1.1

        remote address: 3.3.3.3

    Flow:

        sour addr: 1.1.1.0/255.255.255.0  port: 0  protocol: ip

        dest addr: 3.3.3.3/255.255.255.255  port: 0  protocol: ip

    [Inbound ESP SAs]

      SPI: 2443816215 (0x91a9ad17)

      Connection ID: 38654705665

      Transform set: ESP-ENCRYPT-AES-CBC-128 ESP-AUTH-SHA1

      SA duration (kilobytes/sec): 1843200/3600

      SA remaining duration (kilobytes/sec): 1843194/3368

      Max received sequence-number: 64

      Anti-replay check enable: Y

      Anti-replay window size: 64

      UDP encapsulation used for NAT traversal: N

      Status: Active

    [Outbound ESP SAs]

      SPI: 4220315517 (0xfb8ce77d)

      Connection ID: 38654705664

      Transform set: ESP-ENCRYPT-AES-CBC-128 ESP-AUTH-SHA1

      SA duration (kilobytes/sec): 1843200/3600

      SA remaining duration (kilobytes/sec): 1843194/3368

      Max sent sequence-number: 64

      UDP encapsulation used for NAT traversal: N

      Status: Active