stp端口阻塞问题

NQA实验

通过NQA的检测，检测上行网络是否正常，当上行网络出现故障时，能告知VRRP、MSTP进行主备的切换。

SW1为接入交换机，负责VLAN 10 、VLAN 20的接入

SW2为核心交换机，负责提供VLAN 10、VLAN20的网关，根据负载均衡的需求，在SW2交换机中，VLAN 10为MSTP主根，VLAN 20为备根。SW2交换机在网络正常的情况下主要走VLAN10的流量。在SW2中配置NQA检测，监控上行端口当发生故障时VLAN 10可快速切换到SW3交换机。

SW3为核心交换机，负责提供VLAN 10、VLAN20的网关，根据负载均衡的需求，在SW3交换机中，VLAN 20为MSTP主根，VLAN10为备根。SW3交换机在网络正常的情况下主要走VLAN10的流量。在SW3中配置NQA检测，监控上行端口当发生故障时VLAN 20可快速切换到SW2交换机。

R1为核心路由器，负责将业务路由高速转发到下一个网络中。

心得体会：

1、在拥有负载均衡和设备冗余的网络环境中，NQA的可选参数配置建议保持一致，特别是frequency检测的频率。

2、建议开启NQA历史记录功能，这样可以更好的确认NQA是否已经开始运行并监控。

3、在拥有路由冗余、设备冗余、VRRP的环境中，一定要开启route-option bypass-route，这样当路由发生故障时，也可以更好的触发TRACK

4、在NQA配置指向目的地址时一定要正确区分description和destination这两个单词，由于这两个单词在配置时会优先出现description，可能会导致没有配置目的地址而启动NQA失败

5、当主链路DOWN时，从主设备切换到备设备需要丢包13-14个才可恢复业务。

6、当主链路恢复时，业务可以从备用设备切换回到主设备（VRRP也可切换）且不丢包。

配置过程：

SW1：

[H3C]sysname SW1

[SW1]vlan 10

[SW1-vlan10]qu

[SW1]vlan 20

[SW1-vlan20]qu

[SW1]int ran gi 1/0/1 to gi 1/0/2

[SW1-if-range]po li tr

[SW1-if-range]undo po tr pe vlan 1

[SW1-if-range]po tr pe vlan 10 20

[SW1-if-range]quit

[SW1]int gi 1/0/3

[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]po li acc

[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]po acc vl 10

[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]quit

[SW1]

SW2：

[H3C]sysname SW2

[SW2]vlan 10

[SW2-vlan10]quit

[SW2]vlan 20

[SW2-vlan20]quit

[SW2]int ran gi 1/0/2 to gi 1/0/3

[SW2-if-range]po li tr

[SW2-if-range]undo po tr pe vlan 1

[SW2-if-range]po tr pe vlan 10 20

[SW2-if-range]quit

[SW2]int gi 1/0/1

[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-mode route

[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.0.0.1 30

[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]undo shutdown

[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit

#NQA配置

[SW2]nqa agent enable 

[SW2]nqa entry weijianing ninglihua

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua]type icmp-echo

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]source int GigabitEthernet 1/0/1

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]destination ip 10.0.0.2

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]frequency 100000

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe timeout 30

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]next-hop 10.0.0.2

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo] history-record enable

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]history-record number 50

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe count 10

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe timeout 30

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]reaction 1 checked-element probe-fail threshold-type consecutive 1 action-type trigger-only

[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]route-option bypass-route

[SW2]track 1 nqa entry weijianing ninglihua reaction 1

[SW2]nqa schedule weijianing ninglihua start-time now lifetime forever

#

[SW2]int vlan 10

[SW2-Vlan-interface10]ip address 192.168.10.252 24

[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 vi

[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254

[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120

[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode

[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 track 1 priority reduced 30

[SW2]int vlan 20

[SW2-Vlan-interface20]ip address 192.168.20.252 24

[SW2-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254

#MSTP配置

[SW2]stp glo enable

[SW2]stp mode mstp

[SW2]stp region-configuration

[SW2-mst-region]region-name ***.***

[SW2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10

[SW2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20

[SW2-mst-region]active region-configuration

[SW2]stp instance 1 root primary

[SW2]stp instance 2 root secondary

#

[SW2]   int lo 0

[SW2-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32

[SW2-LoopBack0]undo shutdown

[SW2-LoopBack0]quit

[SW2]router id 1.1.1.1

[SW2]

[SW2]ospf 1

[SW2-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 10

[SW2-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 20

[SW2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0

[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0

[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255

[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255

[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[SW2-ospf-1]quit

[SW2]

SW3：

[SW3]vlan 10

[SW3-vlan10]quit

[SW3]vlan 20

[SW3-vlan20]quit

[SW3]int ran gi 1/0/2 to gi 1/0/3

[SW3-if-range]po li tr

[SW3-if-range]undo po tr pe vlan 1

[SW3-if-range]po tr pe vlan 10 20

[SW3-if-range]quit

[SW3]

[SW3]int gi 1/0/1

[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-mode route

[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.0.0.5 30

[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]undo shutdown

[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit

[SW3]

#NQS配置：

[SW3]nqa agent enable

[SW3]nqa entry weijianing ninglihua

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua]type icmp-echo

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]source int gi 1/0/1

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]destination ip 10.0.0.6

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]next-hop 10.0.0.6

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]frequency 100000

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo] history-record enable

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]history-record number 50

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe count 10

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe timeout 30

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]reaction 1 checked-element probe-fail threshold-type consecutive 1 action-type trigger-only

[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]route-option bypass-route

[SW3]track 1 nqa entry weijianing ninglihua reaction 1

#

[SW3]int vlan 10

[SW3-Vlan-interface10]ip address 192.168.10.253 24

[SW3-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254

[SW3-Vlan-interface10]quit

[SW3]

[SW3]int vlan 20

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]ip address 192.168.20.253 24

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 vi

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 track 1 priority reduced 30

[SW3-Vlan-interface20]quit

[SW3]

[SW3]stp region-configuration

[SW3-mst-region]region-name ***.***

[SW3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10

[SW3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20

[SW3-mst-region]active region-configuration

[SW3-mst-region]quit

[SW3]stp instance 1 root secondary

[SW3]stp instance 2 root primary

[SW3]int LoopBack 0

[SW3-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32

[SW3-LoopBack0]undo shut

[SW3-LoopBack0]quit

[SW3]router id 2.2.2.2

[SW3]

[SW3]ospf 1

[SW3-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 10

[SW3-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 20

[SW3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0

[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.5 0.0.0.0

[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255

[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255

[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[SW3-ospf-1]quit

[SW3]

[SW3]nqa schedule weijianing ninglihua start-time now lifetime forever

R1：

[H3C]sysname R1

[R1]int lo 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32

[R1-LoopBack0]undo shut

[R1-LoopBack0]quit

[R1]router id 3.3.3.3

[R1]int gi 0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ip add 10.0.0.2 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo shut

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit

[R1]int gi 0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]ip add 10.0.0.6 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]undo shutdown

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit

[R1]

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]ar

[R1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.6 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R1]