F100-S-XI防火墙怎么做出口主备？

1.2配置需求及实现的效果

防火墙F100-A-G2双WAN口上网，WAN口1采用静态地址，地址为198.76.28.30 (运营商下一跳198.76.28.29)，WAN口2采用也采用静态地址，地址为198.77.28.30 (运营商下一跳198.77.28.29)。需要实现内网用户访问外网从WAN1口出去，当WAN1断掉切换到WAN2。

2 组网图

1 配置步骤

3.1配置防火墙基本上网

# 外网接口G1/0/1配置运营商给的静态ip地址

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1

ip address 198.76.28.30 255.255.255.252

nat outbound

# 外网接口G1/0/2配置运营商给的静态ip地址

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2

ip address 198.77.28.30 255.255.255.252

nat outbound

# 内网接口G1/0/3配置自定义的内网静态ip地址

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

#将内网接口加入trust域

security-zone name trust

 import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3

#将外网接口加入untrust域

security-zone name Untrust

 import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2

#配置安全策略

security-policy ip

 rule 0 name trust-untrust （放通内网到外网的访问）

  action pass

  source-zone trust

  destination-zone untrust

 rule 1 name per-nqa      （放通local安全域到外网探测地址114.114.114.114的访问，如不配置则无法正常使用nqa探测外网地址）

  action pass

  source-zone local

  destination-zone untrust

  destination-ip-host 114.114.114.114

3.2 配置链路检测

#创建管理员名为admin、操作标签为test的NQA测试组

[H3C]nqa entry admin test    

#配置测试类型为ICMP-echo，ICMP-echo测试利用ICMP协议，根据是否接收到应答报文判断目的端设备的可达性。ICMP-echo测试的功能与ping命令类似，但ICMP-echo测试中可以指定测试的下一跳设备。在源端和目的端设备之间存在多条路径时，通过配置下一跳设备可以指定测试的路径

[H3C-nqa-admin-test-icmp-echo] type icmp-echo  

配置监测公网的任意地址如114.114.114.114等，这样就可以规避掉运营商本身出现网络故障的风险

[H3C-nqa-admin-test-icmp-echo] destination ip 114.114.114.114

#配置测试组连续两次测试的时间间隔为3000ms

[H3C-nqa-admin-test-icmp-echo] frequency 3000

#配置探测报文的下一跳IP地址，这个一般在探测的目的地址不是网关地址的时候建议配置，本案例探测的目的地址是直连网关地址，可以不配置下一跳地址

[H3C-nqa-admin-test-icmp-echo] next-hop 198.76.28.29

#配置联动项1（连续失败3次触发联动）

[H3C-nqa-admin-test-icmp-echo] reaction 1 checked-element probe-fail threshold-type consecutive 3 action-type trigger-only

[H3C-nqa-admin-test-icmp-echo]quit

#启动探测

[H3C] nqa schedule admin test start-time now lifetime forever

#配置Track项1，关联NQA测试组（管理员为admin，操作标签为test）的联动项1

[H3C] track 1 nqa entry admin test reaction 1

3.3配置静态路由

# 进入系统视图，配置两条默认路由，并且修改G1.0.2线路的默认路由优先级为80（默认路由优先级为60，值越大优先级越低）。设备固定IP上网路由与Track项1关联，作为主用路由。实现正常情况下流量全部从WAN1出去，链路出现故障时可切换到WAN2。 

[H3C]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 198.76.28.29 track 1  

[H3C]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 198.77.28.29 preference 80

2 保存配置信息

[H3C]save force

3 查看与验证

# 两条链路都正常的时候track项状态为positive，路由也是走优先级为60的G1/0/1。

[H3C]display track all

Track ID: 1

  State: Positive

  Duration: 0 days 0 hours 1 minutes 35 seconds

  Tracked object type: NQA

  Notification delay: Positive 0, Negative 0 (in seconds)

  Tracked object:

    NQA entry: admin test

    Reaction: 1

    Remote IP/URL: 114.114.114.114                                             

    Local IP: --                                                         

    Interface: --

 [H3C]display ip routing-table

Destinations : 17       Routes : 17

Destination/Mask   Proto   Pre Cost        NextHop         Interface

0.0.0.0/0          Static  60  0           198.76.28.29    GE1/0/1

0.0.0.0/32         Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.0/8        Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.0/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.1/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.76.28.28/30    Direct  0   0           198.76.28.30    GE1/0/1

198.76.28.28/32    Direct  0   0           198.76.28.30    GE1/0/1

198.76.28.30/32    Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.76.28.31/32    Direct  0   0           198.76.28.30    GE1/0/1

198.77.28.28/30    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

198.77.28.28/32    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

198.77.28.30/32    Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.77.28.31/32    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

224.0.0.0/4        Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

224.0.0.0/24       Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

255.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

# 当G1/0/1侧运营商链路有问题时，设备上可以很快检测到，此时查看track项状态为Negative，查看路由发现走的是G1/0/2。

%Jan 24 15:38:01:238 2021 H3C NQA/6/NQA_ENTRY_PROBE_RESULT: -COntext=1; Reaction entry 1 of NQA entry admin-name admin operation-tag test: probe-fail.

[H3C]display track all

Track ID: 1

  State: Negative

  Duration: 0 days 0 hours 0 minutes 4 seconds

  Tracked object type: NQA

  Notification delay: Positive 0, Negative 0 (in seconds)

  Tracked object:

    NQA entry: admin test

    Reaction: 1

    Remote IP/URL: 114.114.114.114                                            

    Local IP: --                                                         

Interface: --

[H3C]display ip routing-table

Destinations : 14       Routes : 14

Destination/Mask   Proto   Pre Cost        NextHop         Interface

0.0.0.0/0          Static  80  0           198.77.28.29    GE1/0/2

0.0.0.0/32         Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.0/8        Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.0/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.1/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.76.28.30/32    Direct  1   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

198.77.28.28/30    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

198.77.28.28/32    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

198.77.28.30/32    Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.77.28.31/32    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

224.0.0.0/4        Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

224.0.0.0/24       Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

255.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

# 当G1/0/1运营商链路恢复时设备也能很快检测到并切换为主链路。

%Jan 24 15:38:16:834 2021 H3C NQA/6/NQA_ENTRY_PROBE_RESULT: -COntext=1; Reaction entry 1 of NQA entry admin-name admin operation-tag test: probe-pass.

[H3C]display track all

Track ID: 1

  State: Positive

  Duration: 0 days 0 hours 0 minutes 2 seconds

  Tracked object type: NQA

  Notification delay: Positive 0, Negative 0 (in seconds)

  Tracked object:

    NQA entry: admin test

    Reaction: 1

    Remote IP/URL: 114.114.114.114                                            

    Local IP: --                                                         

    Interface: --

[H3C]display ip routing-table

Destinations : 17       Routes : 17

Destination/Mask   Proto   Pre Cost        NextHop         Interface

0.0.0.0/0          Static  60  0           198.76.28.29    GE1/0/1

0.0.0.0/32         Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.0/8        Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.0/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.0.0.1/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

127.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.76.28.28/30    Direct  0   0           198.76.28.30    GE1/0/1

198.76.28.28/32    Direct  0   0           198.76.28.30    GE1/0/1

198.76.28.30/32    Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.76.28.31/32    Direct  0   0           198.76.28.30    GE1/0/1

198.77.28.28/30    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

198.77.28.28/32    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

198.77.28.30/32    Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0

198.77.28.31/32    Direct  0   0           198.77.28.30    GE1/0/2

224.0.0.0/4        Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

224.0.0.0/24       Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0

255.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0