使用E1线接到DDF架上,进行本地打环测试。接口一会UP一会DOWN。这是正常现象还是故障?
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参考测试步骤:
E1接口模块故障打环方法
1. 常用的打环点
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打环方法:在路由器上E1接口上配置loopbace local,在FE1接口下配置FE1 loopbace local。
测试目的:排查路由器接口本身收发是否正常。
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打环方法:将Router1与传输1之间的E1收发线缆短接或在传输上向左侧打环。
测试目的:排查Router1和传输1之间线路是否正常。
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打环方法:在传输2上向左侧打环。
测试目的:排查传输网络是否正常。
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打环方法:将Router1与传输1之间的E1收发线缆短接。
测试目的:排查Router1到Router2直接整个物理链接是否正常。
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打环方法:在Router2上E1接口上配置loopbace remote/payload,在FE1接口下配置FE1 loopbace remote/payload。
测试目的:排查整个链路,包括Router2是否正常。
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将接口配置为主时钟,链路层协议配置为PPP,查看接口收发以22个包的步长匀速增长,在接口信息中显示loopback is detected,而且接口上没有错包增加,则表明链路正常,否则为异常。
<H3C>reset count interface
<H3C>dis int ser6/0:0
Serial6/0:0 current state: UP
Line protocol current state: DOWN
Description: Serial6/0:0 Interface
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Derived from E1 6/0, Unframed mode, Baudrate is 2048000 bps
Internet protocol processing : disabled
Link layer protocol is PPP, loopback is detected
LCP closed
Input: 22 packets, 336 bytes
0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts
0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns
0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers
0 frame errors
Output:22 packets, 336 bytes
0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions
0 deferred
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将接口配置为主时钟,链路层协议配置为HDLC(因该协议默认UP),并将接口统计清空,然后向对端ping一定数量的包,查看接口收发是否与ping包相等,如相等,而且接口上没有错包增加,则表明链路正常,否则为异常。
<H3C>reset count interface
[H3C]dis int ser2/0
Serial2/0 current state: UP
Line protocol current state: UP
Description: Serial2/0 Interface
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Physical layer is E1-F, baudrate is 1984000 bps
fe1 timeslot-list 1-31
Internet Address is 2.2.2.2/24 Primary
Link layer protocol is HDLC
Output queue : (Urgent queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/100/0
Output queue : (Protocol queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0
Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0
Last clearing of counters: 14:04:14 Thu 02/12/2009
Last 300 seconds input rate 0.14 bytes/sec, 1 bits/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0.14 bytes/sec, 1 bits/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Input: 16 packets, 352 bytes
0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts
0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns
0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers
0 frame errors
Output:16 packets, 352 bytes
0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions
0 deferred
附:2种经典打环测试方法 (作者:黄伟龙)
一.问题描述:
经常遇到用户说路由器接好线缆后,两边不能通信;或者通信正常过一段时间,现在突然不能用了;另外就是网络时断时通。在遇到这种情况时,我们一般会先让用户看一下两端的2层封装协议是否相同(如:PPP 或HDLC),IP是否在同一网段,电信打环是否证明两端线路良好。这些做完后,如果没有问题,哪么我们接下来要做的就是打环来测试。也就是我们接下来要介绍的方法。这里介绍的是用PPP协议。
二.网络拓朴:
三.网络说明:
1.X,Y都是路由器。
2.A,B是一般的协议转换器。在上面有一些打环的按钮。
3.X到A一般通过是V24或V35线缆,
4.A到B一般是光纤,租用电信的,这一部分就是电信打环时能确认电信哪端线路是否是好用的。 注意:电信只会给你确认A—B段线路是否好的。
四.第一种方法(通过看Input和Output报文数量是否相等)
打环测试
第一步
1.在X端口上打环。
[X-Serial2/1] fe1 loopback local
2 <X>reset count interface
或[X]reset count interface
过几十秒后
<X>dis int s 2/1
Serial2/1 current state :UP
Line protocol current state :DOWN
Description : Serial2/1 Interface
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.2.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP, loopback is detected
LCP closed
Output queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0
Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0
Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0
Physical layer is synchronous, Loopback,Baudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35
Last 300 seconds input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Input: 22 packets, 336 bytes Input 和Output 的都相等。
0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts
0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns
0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers
0 frame errors
Output:22 packets, 336 bytes
0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions
0 deferred
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP
结论:端口是好的。模块没有问题。
第二步
1.在A光电转换器上打本地环。
过几十秒后
2.在端口上去掉打环。
[X-Serial2/1]undo fe1 loopback
<X>dis int s 2/1
Serial2/1 current state :UP
Line protocol current state :DOWN
Description : Serial2/1 Interface
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.2.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP, loopback is detected
LCP closed
Output queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0
Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0
Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0
Physical layer is synchronous, Loopback,Baudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35
Last 300 seconds input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Input: 55 packets, 840 bytes Input 和Output 的都相等。
0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts
0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns
0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers
0 frame errors
Output:55 packets, 840 bytes
0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions
0 deferred
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP
结论:从端口到A的本地线缆是好的。
第三步
1.在B光电转换器上打远程环。
过几十秒后
2.在A光电转换器去掉打环。
<X>dis int s 2/1
Serial2/1 current state :UP
Line protocol current state :DOWN
Description : Serial2/1 Interface
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.2.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP, loopback is detected
LCP closed
Output queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0
Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0
Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0
Physical layer is synchronous, Loopback,Baudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35
Last 300 seconds input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Input: 77 packets, 1176 bytes Input 和Output 的都相等。
0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts
0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns
0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers
0 frame errors
Output:77 packets, 1176 bytes
0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions
0 deferred
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP
结论:从端口到B的线缆是好的。
第四步
1.在B光电转换器去掉打环。
2.在Y上的。
[Y-Sierial2] fe1 loopback local
过几十秒后看X路由器
<X>dis int s 2/1
Serial2/1 current state :UP
Line protocol current state :DOWN
Description : Serial2/1 Interface
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.2.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP, loopback is detected
LCP closed
Output queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0
Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0
Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0
Physical layer is synchronous, Loopback,Baudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35
Last 300 seconds input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec
Input: 99 packets, 1512 bytes Input 和Output 的不相等。
0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts
0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns
0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers
0 frame errors
Output:87 packets, 1480 bytes
10 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions
0 deferred
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP
结论:说明路由器Y到B的线路有问题。
五.第二种方法(通过Debug PPP的报文来看接口输出的报文是否给接口的输入报文相同。)
<X>
<X>
<X>t m
% Current terminal monitor is on
<X>t d
% Current terminal debugging is on
<X>debu ppp lcp pack int s 2/0
<X>
*0.1110711 X PPP/8/debug2:
PPP Packet:
Serial2/0 Output LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 18 ---à这是报文发出的方向
State reqsent, code ConfReq(01), id 7c, len 14
MRU(1), len 4, val 05dc
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 001156e1
*0.1110990 X PPP/8/debug2:
PPP Packet:
Serial2/0 Input LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 18
State reqsent, code ConfReq(01), id 7c, len 14 <---这是报文接收的方向
MRU(1), len 4, val 05dc
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 001156e1 可以看出红色部分的和绿色部分的完全相同,
*0.1111271 X PPP/8/debug2: 说明从接口发出的报文,完全给接口接收到了。证
PPP Packet: 明没有丢包,这段打环是没有问题的。
Serial2/0 Output LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 14
State reqsent, code ConfNak(03), id 7c, len 10
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 0010f802
*0.1111510 X PPP/8/debug2:
PPP Packet:
Serial2/0 Input LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 14
State reqsent, code ConfNak(03), id 7c, len 10
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 0010f802
*0.1111750 X PPP/8/debug2:
PPP Packet:
Serial2/0 Output LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 18
State reqsent, code ConfReq(01), id 7d, len 14
MRU(1), len 4, val 05dc
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 00111233
*0.1112030 X PPP/8/debug2:
PPP Packet:
Serial2/0 Input LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 18
State reqsent, code ConfReq(01), id 7d, len 14
MRU(1), len 4, val 05dc
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 00111233
接下来和上面的步骤一样,通过分段排除法,一步一步打环测过去,看哪一步有问题。这样就可以找出问题来。
后记:
1.
2.
3.
4.
[RTD]
[RTD]int s 0
[RTD-Serial0]loop
[RTD-Serial0]
[RTD-Serial0]qui
[RTD]info enable
[RTD]info con deb
[RTD]
[RTD]debu ppp packet int s 0
[RTD]
[RTD]
Serial0
PPP O LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 18 ---à这是报文发出的方向
State starting, code ConfReq(01), id 1, len 14
MRU(1), len 4, val 05dc
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 081b09b2
Serial0
PPP I LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 18 <---这是报文接收的方向
State reqsent, code ConfReq(01), id 1, len 14
MRU(1), len 4, val 05dc
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 081b09b2
Serial0 可以看出红色部分的和绿色部分的完全相同,
PPP O LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 14 说明从接口发出的报文,完全给接口接收到了。
State reqsent, code ConfNak(03), id 1, len 10 证明没有丢包,这段打环是没有问题的。
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 6e925916
Serial0
PPP I LCP(c021) Pkt, Len 14
State reqsent, code ConfNak(03), id 1, len 10
MagicNumber(5), len 6, val 6e925916
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