行为管控acg1000 禁用网站知乎
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1. 浏览器缓存 (Browser Cache)
当您之前成功访问过知乎时，浏览器为了加速下次访问，会将网页的很多资源（如图片、CSS样式表、Javascript文件，甚至整个HTML页面）保存在本地硬盘上，这就是缓存。- “通过历史记录打开”：当您点击历史记录中的链接时，浏览器会优先尝试从本地缓存加载页面，而不是向网络发送请求。因为请求根本没有发出，所以自然绕过了ACG1000的管控策略。您看到的可能是一个过期的、静态的知乎页面快照。
- 验证方法：在这种情况下，您无法进行任何需要网络交互的操作，比如：
- 刷新页面（按F5或Ctrl+F5）会失败。
- 登录账号会失败。
- 点击任何链接、加载新内容、点赞、评论都会失败。
- 浏览器地址栏通常会显示一个离线状态的图标。
2. 持续的TCP连接和HSTS
这是一个更“隐蔽”的原因，能让页面看起来似乎还能正常工作。- TCP连接保持：如果您在策略生效前已经打开了知乎并且没有关闭浏览器标签页，您的电脑与知乎服务器之间可能还维持着一个有效的TCP连接。只要这个连接没有超时断开，数据仍然可以通过这个“通道”进行交换，ACG1000作为网络层设备，不会主动去切断一个已经建立的合法连接。
- HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)：知乎等大型网站都启用了HSTS。它告诉浏览器“在未来一段时间内，只能使用HTTPS来访问我”。即使您手动输入
http://zhihu.com，浏览器也会强制转成https://zhihu.com。这个信息也被浏览器缓存了。 - “切换网络后能打开”：您的PC可能先在其他网络（如手机热点）上成功连接了知乎，建立了安全的HTTPS连接，并缓存了HSTS信息。当您切换回公司网络时，浏览器依然会尝试使用HTTPS并重用之前的连接信息，如果TCP连接侥幸没有断开，就可能短暂地加载出内容。但一旦连接超时或有新的请求发出，ACG1000就会立刻拦截。
解决方案和建议
您的策略配置是正确的。要解决或验证这个问题，请执行以下操作：- 强制刷新并清除缓存：
- 在受管控的PC上，打开浏览器，按
Ctrl + Shift + Delete(Chrome, Edge, Firefox等通用快捷键)。 - 时间范围选择“所有时间”。
- 勾选“缓存的图片和文件”、“COOKIE和其他网站数据”等选项。
- 点击“清除数据”。
- 此后，再尝试访问
zhihu.com或点击历史记录，就会发现完全无法访问了。
- 在受管控的PC上，打开浏览器，按
- 重启电脑或等待：
- 重启电脑会清除所有网络连接和大部分缓存状态。
- 即使不重启，只要等待几分钟到几小时，所有旧的TCP连接都会超时断开，缓存的内容也会因无法与服务器同步而失效。
- 在ACG1000上增强策略（可选）：
- 为了更彻底地阻断，您可以在URL规则中不仅包含
zhihu.com，还可以加入知乎的其他相关域名，例如：zhihu.comwww.zhihu.comzhstatic.zhihu.com(这是知乎常用的静态资源域名)
- 这样可以从多个维度进行封堵。
- 为了更彻底地阻断，您可以在URL规则中不仅包含
总结
| 现象 | 根本原因 | 结论 |
|---|---|---|
| 策略生效后，新电脑无法访问知乎 | ACG1000正确拦截了新的DNS查询和HTTP(S)请求。 | 策略配置正确且有效。 |
| 策略生效前访问过的电脑，通过历史记录能打开旧页面 | 浏览器从本地硬盘缓存加载了页面副本，未产生网络请求。 | 这不是策略漏洞，是浏览器正常行为。 |
| 切换网络后短暂能打开 | 旧的TCP连接未超时或浏览器HSTS等缓存信息导致。 | 连接超时或刷新后策略即会生效。 |
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