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出口防火墙IPSEC野蛮模式

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问题描述:

两台出口防火墙配置IPSEC野蛮模式,当前隧道已经通了。但是每天都会产生相对应的IPSEC的日志,是什么原因?

组网及组网描述:

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.20.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 2262179954 Outbound ESP SPI: 90246464 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.10.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1961609146 Outbound ESP SPI: 1410841913 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.28.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1589629224 Outbound ESP SPI: 1129031093 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 192.168.200.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 4273967482 Outbound ESP SPI: 893319441 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.28.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 2504657542 Outbound ESP SPI: 3645869402 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 192.168.200.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1735596402 Outbound ESP SPI: 3068068810 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.20.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 363155587 Outbound ESP SPI: 3659160709 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

IPsec SA was established. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.10.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1179378378 Outbound ESP SPI: 3036531938 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: The SA expired. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.20.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 458677791 Outbound ESP SPI: 3007408464 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0x183a8c48 Connection ID: 12583 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.20.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 458677791 Outbound ESP SPI: 3007408464 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.10.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 4162855025 Outbound ESP SPI: 3593292213 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: An IPsec SA deletion message was received from peer. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 192.168.200.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1271281516 Outbound ESP SPI: 2969468050 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0x1bd39d5 Connection ID: 12580 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.28.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1288789985 Outbound ESP SPI: 3782131552 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: The SA expired. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.10.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 4162855025 Outbound ESP SPI: 3593292213 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0xe31c9622 Connection ID: 12581 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 192.168.200.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1271281516 Outbound ESP SPI: 2969468050 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: The SA expired. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.28.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 1288789985 Outbound ESP SPI: 3782131552 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0xf502927b Connection ID: 12582 Tunnel ID: 1

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: An IPsec SA deletion message was received from peer. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.28.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 748374957 Outbound ESP SPI: 2703100350 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0x9b08e02e Connection ID: 12579 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.28.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 748374957 Outbound ESP SPI: 2703100350 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: An IPsec SA deletion message was received from peer. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.20.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 948200415 Outbound ESP SPI: 4269003170 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0x3247099d Connection ID: 12577 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 192.168.200.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 922345624 Outbound ESP SPI: 638891236 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: The SA expired. SA information: Role: responder Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 192.168.200.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 922345624 Outbound ESP SPI: 638891236 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0xb1dfef24 Connection ID: 12578 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.20.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 172.16.2.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 948200415 Outbound ESP SPI: 4269003170 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: An IPsec SA deletion message was received from peer. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.10.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 268708868 Outbound ESP SPI: 2150572408 Initiator COOKIE: b70c1101283da769 Responder COOKIE: fbf2f599f6c3560e Message ID: 0x1d1fd616 Connection ID: 12576 Tunnel ID: 1

The IPsec SA was deleted. Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received. SA information: Role: initiator Local address: X.X.X.X Remote address: X.X.X.X Sour addr: 172.20.10.0/255.255.255.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Dest addr: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 Port: 0 Protocol: IP Inside VPN instance:  Outside VPN instance:  Inbound AH SPI: 0 Outbound AH SPI: 0 Inbound ESP SPI: 268708868 Outbound ESP SPI: 2150572408 ACL name: IPsec_IPsec2_IPv4_60

 

3 个回答
粉丝:44人 关注:1人

处理建议**: * **确认隧道状态**:通过命令(如 `display ipsec sa`)检查隧道是否处于 `UP` 状态,若状态正常且业务无中断,可忽略该日志。 * **调整日志级别**:若该日志刷屏影响运维查看,建议将 IPsec 模块的日志级别调整为 `Warning`(警告)或更高,以过滤掉 `Informational`(信息,等级 6)级别的常规日志。 * **检查配置**:虽然日志正常,但可确认本端与对端的 SA 生存时间(lifetime)配置是否一致,以避免频繁不必要的重协商。 **结论**:这是设备正常进行 SA 维护或重协商产生的记录,只要隧道业务正常,无需担心,可通过调整日志级别来减少输出。

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日志根因完整分析(H3C 防火墙野蛮模式 IKEv1 IPSEC)

先提炼核心结论:
日志循环打印【SA 过期删除 → 重新建立 SA】,是 IPSEC 第二阶段 SA 生命周期到期正常重协商机制;但需要区分:【正常定时刷新】vs【异常频繁反复重建】。
从你的日志特征:
  1. 大量日志关键字:The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted. Reason: The SA expired.
    → 删除原因:IPSEC SA 生命周期超时
  2. 紧随其后批量出现:IPsec SA was established
    → 超时销毁 SA,两端重新协商生成新 ESP SA

一、基础原理(IKEv1 野蛮模式)

IPSEC 分为:
  • IKE SA(第一阶段:管理隧道,协商密钥,保活)
  • IPSEC SA(第二阶段:数据隧道,业务加密,存在生存周期 Lifetime
防火墙默认策略:
第二阶段 IPSEC SA 生命时长通常 3600s(1 小时)
到期之后设备主动删除旧 SA,发起协商建立新 SA,于是产生你看到的一批删除 + 新建日志。
⚠️ 重要区分两种场景:

场景 1:每 1 小时左右规律性一轮重建(标准正常现象)

业务访问不中断!设备支持SA 重叠刷新:新 SA 协商完成后,才彻底停用旧 SA;终端无感知,只是日志刷屏。
✅ 判定标准:
查看日志时间戳,每间隔 3600s 集中出现一批删除 / 建立记录;内网跨 VPN 业务不掉包。

场景 2:十几分钟 / 几十分钟就批量重建(异常,需要优化)

代表协商不稳定,常见诱因:
  1. 两端 IKE/IPSEC lifetime 时间配置不一致(最常见!)
  2. 公网存在 NAT、UDP500/4500 报文被运营商防火墙老化切断
  3. 野蛮模式对等体保活机制缺失、对端设备闲置无流量不发起协商
  4. 两端安全协议、加密套件不匹配,协商过程偶发失败

二、从你的日志额外发现关键点

你使用一条 ACL 承载多组网段对通
ACL 内包含多组流:
172.20.20.0<-->10.0.0.0
172.20.20.0<-->172.16.2.0
172.20.10.0<-->10.0.0.0
172.20.10.0<-->172.16.2.0
172.20.28.0<-->10.0.0.0
172.20.28.0<-->172.16.2.0
192.168.200.0<-->10.0.0.0
192.168.200.0<-->172.16.2.0
👉 一条 ACL 多条 rule,每一条 rule 会独立生成一对 IPSEC SA!
这就是你一次性涌出大量多条删除 / 建立日志的根本原因!
每一条 ACL 流策略对应一组独立 ESP SA,生命周期同步到期,同一时间批量重建,日志刷屏。

三、分步排查 & 优化方案(H3C F1000/F5000 系列防火墙)

1、第一步:核对两端生命周期参数(必须两边完全一致)

plaintext
#查看IKE阶段1生存时间 display ike proposal #查看IPSEC阶段2生存时间 display ipsec proposal display ipsec policy
标准建议配置(两端严格一模一样)
plaintext
#IKE第一阶段,默认86400(24小时) ike proposal 10 encryption-algorithm aes-256 authentication-algorithm sha2-256 dh group14 sa duration 86400 #IPSEC第二阶段 ipsec proposal tran1 esp encryption-algorithm aes-256 esp authentication-algorithm sha2-256 ipsec policy map1 10 isakmp proposal tran1 remote-peer X.X.X.X ike-proposal 10 security acl 3000 sa duration time-based 3600 #两端时间必须相同!
禁止一端 3600、另一端 2880,时间不一致会造成提前断 SA、频繁重协商。

2、第二步:解决【批量日志刷屏】两种思路

方案 A(推荐):如果网段互通逻辑允许,使用聚合网段简化 ACL
把多条明细子网汇总成一条 ACL rule,减少 SA 数量,日志条数直接大幅下降。
注意:两端 ACL 镜像,源目网段必须严格对称!
方案 B:不改动网段规划,关闭设备 IPSEC SA 新建 / 删除冗余日志(日志层面降噪,不改变隧道机制)
在防火墙信息中心过滤日志,避免监控平台大量告警。

3、第三步:公网 NAT 环境优化(野蛮模式重点)

两端出口存在运营商 NAT,务必开启 NAT 穿越
plaintext
ike nat-traversal
IKEv1 野蛮模式 NAT-T 默认 UDP4500;同时运营商会话老化时间如果小于 IPSEC SA 生命周期,会切断协商报文。
配套开启 VPN 保活:
plaintext
ike keepalive interval 30 retry 3

4、第四步:验证业务是否真的中断

长时间 ping 跨 VPN 网段长 ping 测试:
  • 无丢包 = SA 平滑刷新,纯日志骚扰,业务无影响;
  • 每小时固定出现 1~3 个丢包 = SA 重叠刷新失效,需要调整 lifetime 错开协商时间。

四、重要野蛮模式特有提醒

IKEv1 野蛮模式依赖预共享密钥 + ID 标识;
如果两端设备空闲流量很低,部分厂商设备 SA 到期后不会主动发起重协商,依赖有业务流量触发重建,极端场景会出现流量访问时才重新建立隧道。
优化手段:在两端配置持续少量后台保活流量,或者调整 lifetime,或者切换 IKEv2(可选)。

五、快速判定命令,登录防火墙执行

plaintext
#查看当前存在多少IPSEC SA display ipsec sa #查看IKE第一阶段SA display ike sa
执行后你会看到:有多条 SA 条目,一一对应 ACL 里面每一条子网对。

补充建议

  1. 若业务访问全程稳定、无断流:属于标准正常生命周期刷新,不用紧张;优先做日志过滤降噪。
  2. 若每小时伴随业务短暂丢包:调整两端 IPSEC SA lifetime,或者开启更长生命周期(不建议超过 8 小时)。
  3. 长远优化:多条子网对通场景,可以评估切换 IKEv2,协议机制更稳定,SA 管理日志更少。

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从你提供的日志来看,这个问题是IPsec VPN正常运行的一种表现,而不是故障。这些日志记录的是IPsec安全联盟(SA)的正常生命周期管理事件

简单来说,IPsec SA是有“有效期”的,到期后必须重新协商,这就会产生一系列“建立”和“删除”的日志。以下是详细的分析和优化建议。

📊 日志解读:发生了什么?

你的日志清晰地展示了一个完整的SA生命周期:

  1. SA建立:日志以 IPsec SA was established 开头,表示新的SA协商成功,隧道可用。

  2. SA删除:随后出现 The IKE phase 2 SA was deleted 或 The IPsec SA was deleted 日志。

    • 删除原因:日志中的 Reason: The SA expired 表明是生命周期正常到期,这是最健康、最常见的情况。Reason: An IKE SA deletion message was received 则是对端通知删除,属于正常的协商过程。

  3. 重复循环:删除后,紧接着又会有一条新的 established 日志,说明设备立即为新的生命周期重新建立了SA。

所以,你每天看到的日志风暴,就是多个子网对应的多条SA,在它们各自的生命周期结束时,依次进行“删除-重建”所留下的正常记录

🔍 为什么会有“多个”SA?

从日志的 Sour addr/Dest addr 可以看出,你的IPsec策略保护了多个子网

  • 源网络:172.20.20.0/24172.20.10.0/24172.20.28.0/24192.168.200.0/24

  • 目的网络:10.0.0.0/8172.16.2.0/24

这些子网对(感兴趣流)会被转换为多个独立的IPsec SA,因此你会看到多条并发的“建立-删除”日志。

🛠️ 如何优化(减少日志数量)?

如果你不想被这些正常的日志刷屏,可以尝试以下方法:

方法一:调整生命周期参数(最直接)

修改IPsec策略中第二阶段(Phase 2)生命周期参数。

  • 操作:将生命周期从默认值(如3600秒)延长,例如改为 28800秒(8小时)

  • 效果:SA的有效期变长,重新协商的频率会大幅降低,日志数量自然减少。

  • 注意:需要两端设备同时修改并保持一致。

方法二:调整日志级别

如果不想修改业务参数,可以调整设备记录IPsec事件的日志级别。

  • 操作:在设备上,将IPsec相关模块的日志级别从 Informational(信息)调整为 Warning(警告)或更高级别。

  • 效果:只有发生错误或异常时才会记录日志,正常的建立和删除事件将不再记录。

  • 注意:这会隐藏所有正常事件,可能不利于故障排查。

方法三:合并感兴趣流(结构优化)

如果网络规划允许,可以尝试将多个小网段合并为一个大网段。

  • 效果:从逻辑上减少SA的数量,从而减少日志条目。

⚠️ 需要警惕的异常情况

虽然目前日志是正常的,但如果出现以下情况,则需要关注:

  • 频繁重建但无业务流量:如果日志中大量出现 establish 和 delete,但实际没有业务数据在传输,这可能是DPD(死对端检测) 或NAT穿越配置问题,导致SA被错误地频繁重建。

  • 建立失败日志:如果日志中出现 failederror 或 unreachable 等关键词,则表示协商失败,需要排查网络连通性或两端配置是否一致。

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